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Economics / Business (A2)

Economics / Business (A2)

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Economics at A2 explores the global economy, trade, and macroeconomic policy. Students evaluate theories of international trade, exchange rates, and development economics, applying them to case studies on globalization, inequality, and government policy.

Business Studies emphasizes strategic decision-making, corporate governance, and global business operations. Learners analyze organizational culture, innovation, and advanced finance, applying theoretical frameworks like SWOT and Porter’s strategies to practical business challenges.

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A2 Economics 

Unit 1: Microeconomics (Advanced)

  • 1.1: Demand & Supply in Depth (elasticities, consumer & producer surplus)
  • 1.2: Market Structures (perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition)
  • 1.3: Market Failure (externalities, public goods, merit/demerit goods)
  • 1.4: Government Intervention (subsidies, taxation, price controls, regulation)
  • 1.5: Labour Economics (wages, unions, discrimination, labour market failure)

Unit 2: Macroeconomics (Advanced)

  • 2.1: Aggregate Demand & Aggregate Supply (short-run vs long-run)
  • 2.2: Inflation, Unemployment & Growth (measurement, causes, effects, policies)
  • 2.3: Fiscal & Monetary Policy (limitations, effectiveness, government budgets)
  • 2.4: Exchange Rates & Balance of Payments (floating vs fixed, current account imbalances)
  • 2.5: Economic Development (HDI, poverty, income inequality, sustainability)

Unit 3: International Economics

  • 3.1: Free Trade vs Protectionism (tariffs, quotas, subsidies)
  • 3.2: Trade Agreements & Blocs (EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, WTO)
  • 3.3: Globalization (advantages, disadvantages for developed & developing countries)
  • 3.4: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), MNCs, and their global role
  • 3.5: Development Strategies (aid, debt relief, microfinance, trade liberalization)

Unit 4: Evaluation & Critical Thinking

  • 4.1: Economic Theories vs Real-World Application
  • 4.2: Case Studies & Data Response Skills
  • 4.3: Essay Writing in Economics (analysis vs evaluation balance)
  • 4.4: Ethical Issues in Economics (fairness, environment, inequality)

A2 Business Studies 

Unit 1: Business Strategy & Objectives

  • 1.1: Corporate Objectives (profit, growth, market share, CSR)
  • 1.2: Business Strategy vs Tactics
  • 1.3: SWOT, PEST & Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
  • 1.4: Decision-Making Models (cost-benefit, risk analysis, stakeholder mapping)

Unit 2: Finance & Accounting (Advanced)

  • 2.1: Ratio Analysis (profitability, liquidity, efficiency, gearing)
  • 2.2: Investment Appraisal (payback, average rate of return, net present value)
  • 2.3: Capital Structure & Sources of Finance (equity, debt, retained earnings)
  • 2.4: Budgeting, Cash Flow & Working Capital Management

Unit 3: Marketing & Operations Strategy

  • 3.1: Marketing Strategy (segmentation, positioning, growth strategies)
  • 3.2: Marketing Mix (7Ps: product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence)
  • 3.3: E-commerce & Digital Marketing in Global Business
  • 3.4: Operations Management (lean production, quality management, just-in-time)
  • 3.5: Innovation & R&D (competitive advantage, product life cycle extension)

Unit 4: Human Resource Strategy

  • 4.1: Strategic HR Planning (workforce planning, succession planning)
  • 4.2: Motivation & Performance Management (appraisals, rewards, leadership)
  • 4.3: Organizational Culture & Change Management
  • 4.4: Industrial Relations & Trade Unions
  • 4.5: Global HR Issues (expatriates, diversity, ethics, labor laws)

Unit 5: Global Business Environment

  • 5.1: Multinational Corporations (MNCs – benefits, risks, ethics)
  • 5.2: Globalization & Business Growth (FDI, outsourcing, supply chains)
  • 5.3: Business & the Environment (sustainability, CSR, green strategy)
  • 5.4: Government Regulation & Legal Environment (competition law, labor law, taxation)
  • 5.5: Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility (fair trade, stakeholder accountability)

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