Description
Topics
Unit 1: The Particulate Nature of Matter
- 1.1: States of Matter (gas laws, ideal gas equation, deviations from ideal behavior)
- 1.2: Diffusion & Brownian Motion (molecular movement, kinetic theory applications)
- 1.3: Changes of State (enthalpy of fusion/vaporization, phase diagrams)
Unit 2: Experimental Chemistry
- 2.1: Laboratory Techniques (titrations, heating, filtration, distillation)
- 2.2: Analysis (chromatography, flame tests, gas tests)
- 2.3: Safety & Experimental Design (hazard symbols, risk assessments)
- 2.4: Quantitative Analysis (titration calculations, empirical & molecular formulae)
Unit 3: Atomic Structure & Bonding
- 3.1: Atomic Models & Isotopes (relative masses, isotopic abundance)
- 3.2: Electron Configuration (s, p, d orbitals, periodicity)
- 3.3: Ionic Bonding (lattice energy, giant ionic structures)
- 3.4: Covalent Bonding (molecular shapes, bond polarity, giant molecular structures)
- 3.5: Metallic Bonding (delocalized electrons, conductivity, alloys)
Unit 4: Stoichiometry & Calculations
- 4.1: Mole Concept & Avogadro’s Law
- 4.2: Balanced Equations & Limiting Reagents
- 4.3: Gas Volume & Molar Mass Calculations
- 4.4: Solution Concentrations & Dilution Calculations
Unit 5: The Periodic Table & Periodicity
- 5.1: Periodic Trends (ionization energy, electronegativity, reactivity)
- 5.2: Group I – Alkali Metals (properties, reactions, flame colors)
- 5.3: Group VII – Halogens (displacement, reactivity, interhalogen reactions)
- 5.4: Transition Metals (variable valency, complex ions, catalysts, colored compounds)
Unit 6: Energetics & Thermochemistry
- 6.1: Exothermic vs Endothermic Reactions (energy profile diagrams)
- 6.2: Enthalpy Changes (ΔH, standard enthalpies of formation & combustion)
- 6.3: Hess’s Law & Bond Energies (calculations using bond enthalpies)
- 6.4: Calorimetry (experimental enthalpy measurement, errors, improvements)
Unit 7: Chemical Reactions & Rates
- 7.1: Types of Reactions (redox, displacement, decomposition)
- 7.2: Acids, Bases & Salts (neutralization, pH scale, indicators, titrations)
- 7.3: Rates of Reaction (temperature, concentration, catalysts, surface area)
- 7.4: Collision Theory & Activation Energy (catalysis, Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution)
Unit 8: Electrochemistry
- 8.1: Electrolysis of Molten Compounds (NaCl, PbBr₂)
- 8.2: Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions (CuSO₄, water, brine)
- 8.3: Electroplating & Industrial Applications
- 8.4: Redox Reactions & Electrochemical Cells
Unit 9: Organic Chemistry
- 9.1: Hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes – reactions & uses)
- 9.2: Alcohols & Carboxylic Acids (preparation, reactions, esterification)
- 9.3: Esters & Polymers (addition & condensation polymers, biodegradability)
- 9.4: Macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, DNA basics)
- 9.5: Isomerism (structural, geometric, optical – extension for advanced learners)
Unit 10: Air, Water & Environment
- 10.1: Composition of Air (O₂, N₂, noble gases, pollutants)
- 10.2: Water Treatment & Pollution (chlorination, desalination, eutrophication)
- 10.3: Greenhouse Gases & Climate Change (CO₂, methane, consequences)
- 10.4: Acid Rain (causes, effects, prevention)
Unit 11: Industrial Chemistry
- 11.1: Haber Process (production of ammonia, conditions, fertilizer use)
- 11.2: Contact Process (sulfuric acid manufacture, conditions, uses)
- 11.3: Extraction of Metals (blast furnace for iron, electrolysis of aluminum)
- 11.4: Industrial Polymers (plastics, recycling, environmental impact)
Unit 12: Practical & Exam Skills
- 12.1: Planning Investigations (hypotheses, variables, controls)
- 12.2: Data Handling (tables, graphs, error analysis, percentage yield)
- 12.3: Structured Question Practice (multi-step calculations, word equations, ionic equations)
- 12.4: Multiple Choice Exam Practice (speed, elimination, interpretation of data)
