Sale!
Biology

Biology

Original price was: $99.00.Current price is: $49.00.

Biology builds advanced knowledge of genetics, biotechnology, physiology, and ecology. Students explore topics such as genetic engineering, neural and hormonal regulation, evolution, and conservation strategies, with emphasis on ethical implications and scientific applications.

Category:

Description

Topics

Unit 1: Cell Biology & Biochemistry

  • 1.1: Cell Structure (prokaryotic vs eukaryotic, ultrastructure, electron microscopy)
  • 1.2: Cell Membranes & Transport (fluid mosaic model, diffusion, osmosis, active transport)
  • 1.3: Enzymes (lock-and-key vs induced fit, factors affecting enzyme activity, inhibitors)
  • 1.4: Biological Molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids – roles & tests)

Unit 2: Human Physiology

  • 2.1: Digestive System (enzymes, absorption in small intestine, villi & microvilli)
  • 2.2: Circulatory System (heart structure, double circulation, blood components, clotting)
  • 2.3: Gas Exchange (lungs, alveoli, smoking effects, diffusion gradients)
  • 2.4: Excretion & Homeostasis (kidney structure, nephron, osmoregulation, ADH)
  • 2.5: Nervous System (neurons, reflex arcs, synaptic transmission, drugs on synapse)
  • 2.6: Endocrine System (hormones – insulin, adrenaline, thyroid, feedback loops)

Unit 3: Plant Biology

  • 3.1: Photosynthesis (light & dark stages, limiting factors, adaptations of leaves)
  • 3.2: Transport in Plants (xylem, phloem, transpiration stream, cohesion-tension theory)
  • 3.3: Plant Hormones & Tropisms (auxins, phototropism, gravitropism, gibberellins)

Unit 4: Genetics & Evolution

  • 4.1: DNA Structure & Protein Synthesis (replication, transcription, translation)
  • 4.2: Mendelian Genetics (monohybrid & dihybrid crosses, dominant/recessive, codominance)
  • 4.3: Genetic Variation (mutations, recombination, meiosis role in variation)
  • 4.4: Natural Selection & Evolution (Darwin, adaptation, speciation)
  • 4.5: Biotechnology (genetic engineering, cloning, insulin production, GM crops)

Unit 5: Ecology & Environment

  • 5.1: Ecosystems (producers, consumers, decomposers, energy flow)
  • 5.2: Food Chains, Webs & Pyramids (numbers, biomass, energy transfer)
  • 5.3: Nutrient Cycles (carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, human impacts)
  • 5.4: Human Impact on Ecosystems (pollution, deforestation, greenhouse gases, eutrophication)
  • 5.5: Conservation & Sustainable Development (protected areas, CITES, recycling, reforestation)

Unit 6: Reproduction & Development

  • 6.1: Reproduction in Plants (pollination, fertilization, seed dispersal, germination)
  • 6.2: Reproduction in Humans (male & female systems, fertilization, implantation)
  • 6.3: Embryonic Development & Placenta (exchange, maternal–fetal protection)
  • 6.4: Contraception (barrier, hormonal, surgical methods)
  • 6.5: STDs (HIV/AIDS – transmission, prevention, impact)

Unit 7: Biotechnology & Modern Biology

  • 7.1: Microorganisms in Biotechnology (antibiotics, yogurt, bread, biofuels)
  • 7.2: Genetic Engineering (recombinant DNA, insulin, crops)
  • 7.3: Cloning (plants via cuttings/tissue culture, animals – Dolly sheep)
  • 7.4: Stem Cells & Ethics (uses in medicine, debates on research)

Unit 8: Evolutionary Biology & Classification

  • 8.1: Principles of Classification (kingdoms, phyla, binomial nomenclature)
  • 8.2: Evolutionary Evidence (fossils, DNA comparisons, comparative anatomy)
  • 8.3: Modern Evolutionary Theory (natural selection + genetics, speciation)

Unit 9: Practical & Exam Skills

  • 9.1: Planning Investigations (hypothesis, variables, fair tests)
  • 9.2: Microscopy Skills (slides, magnification calculations, diagrams)
  • 9.3: Data Handling (graphs, tables, averages, % error)
  • 9.4: Interpretation & Evaluation (experimental design improvements)
  • 9.5: Exam Techniques (structured questions, extended response, MCQs)

Related products