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Humanities / Social Sciences (A2)

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Geography builds global awareness through the study of environmental management, sustainability, and globalization. Students engage with case studies of climate change, natural hazards, and development projects while evaluating strategies for sustainable growth.

History at A2 emphasizes depth and thematic studies, including Cold War politics, revolutions, decolonisation, and civil rights movements. Learners develop advanced historiographical skills, comparing interpretations and critically evaluating evidence across global contexts.

Psychology applies theoretical perspectives to real-world contexts, including health, abnormal, consumer, and organizational psychology. Students refine skills in research design, data analysis, and ethical evaluation while critically engaging with debates on bias, culture, and methodology.

Description

Topics

Unit 1: History (Advanced Topics)

  • 1.1: Origins & Consequences of World Wars (diplomacy, alliances, peace settlements)
  • 1.2: The Cold War in Depth (ideologies, arms race, détente, collapse of USSR)
  • 1.3: Decolonization & the Rise of the Global South (Africa, Asia, Middle East)
  • 1.4: Civil Rights & Political Movements (USA, South Africa, gender equality)
  • 1.5: Historiography & Source Evaluation (bias, interpretation, reliability)

Unit 2: Geography (Advanced Human & Physical Geography)

  • 2.1: Population & Migration (demographic transition, refugees, global migration flows)
  • 2.2: Urbanization & Global Cities (planning, sustainability, megacity challenges)
  • 2.3: Environmental Management (climate change, deforestation, desertification)
  • 2.4: Resource Geography (water security, energy transition, sustainability)
  • 2.5: Development & Global Inequality (MDGs, SDGs, globalization impacts)

Unit 3: Sociology & Social Studies

  • 3.1: Theories of Society (Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism, Postmodernism)
  • 3.2: Family & Education (changing roles, gender in education, cultural reproduction)
  • 3.3: Media & Society (representation, propaganda, media ownership)
  • 3.4: Crime & Deviance (theories, policing, justice systems, global crime)
  • 3.5: Social Stratification & Inequality (class, ethnicity, globalization’s impact)

Unit 4: Civics, Politics & International Relations

  • 4.1: Political Systems (democracy, authoritarianism, monarchy, federalism)
  • 4.2: Governance & Law (constitutions, rule of law, civic responsibility)
  • 4.3: International Organizations (UN, WTO, IMF, NATO, AU, NGOs)
  • 4.4: Conflict & Peace Studies (civil wars, terrorism, peacekeeping strategies)
  • 4.5: Global Citizenship & Human Rights (Universal Declaration, humanitarian law)

Unit 5: Economics & Development (Social-Economic Focus)

  • 5.1: Economic Growth & Development (GDP vs HDI, inequality, poverty reduction)
  • 5.2: Globalization & Trade (MNCs, fair trade, WTO, global interdependence)
  • 5.3: Government & Economic Policy (fiscal, monetary, welfare systems)
  • 5.4: Sustainable Development (climate economics, circular economy, green finance)
  • 5.5: Development Theories (dependency theory, modernization theory, world-systems theory)

Unit 6: Global Issues & Ethics

  • 6.1: Human Rights & Justice (gender equality, children’s rights, refugees)
  • 6.2: Environmental Ethics (climate responsibility, eco-justice, indigenous rights)
  • 6.3: Technology & Society (AI, surveillance, digital inequality)
  • 6.4: Cultural Identity & Globalization (multiculturalism, migration, nationalism)
  • 6.5: Social Movements & Civil Society (activism, NGOs, climate protests, feminism)

Unit 7: Research & Critical Thinking

  • 7.1: Research Methods (qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods)
  • 7.2: Evaluating Sources (bias, credibility, primary vs secondary)
  • 7.3: Comparative Case Studies (linking history, geography, sociology, economics)
  • 7.4: Extended Essay Writing (argument structure, citations, critical evaluation)
  • 7.5: Global Perspectives (synthesizing multiple viewpoints, reflection)