Description
Units
- Atomic Structure & Periodicity: electrons, quantum numbers, photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), periodic trends (Z_eff, IE, EN, radius), isotopes, mass spectrometry – 30 Qs.
- Bonding & Structure: ionic vs. covalent vs. metallic, Lewis/VSEPR/resonance, hybridization, lattice energy, polarity, molecular geometry, intermolecular forces and bulk properties – 30 Qs.
- Reactions & Stoichiometry: balancing equations, redox, precipitation/acid–base/combustion, limiting reactant, solution molarity and dilution, gases, net ionic equations- 30 Qs.
- Kinetics: rate laws & units, method of initial rates, integrated rate laws (0/1st/2nd order), Arrhenius, mechanisms & rate-determining step, catalysis, energy profiles- 30 Qs.
- Thermochemistry/Thermodynamics: q = mCΔT, calorimetry, ΔH_f°, Hess’s Law, entropy and spontaneity (ΔG = ΔH − TΔS), coupling, standard states- 30 Qs.
- Equilibrium: K, Q, Le Châtelier, ICE/RISE tables, solubility (K_sp/common-ion), gas equilibria (K_p/K_c), linking ΔG° and K (ΔG° = −RT ln K)- 30 Qs.
- Acids/Bases & Buffers: Arrhenius/Brønsted–Lowry, strong vs. weak, Ka/Kb, pH/pOH, Henderson–Hasselbalch, titration curves & indicators, polyprotic systems- 30 Qs.
- Electrochemistry: oxidation numbers, galvanic vs. electrolytic cells, E°cell, Nernst equation, Faraday’s law, connection to ΔG and K- 30 Qs.
- Lab & Data Skills: experimental design, error/percent yield, graphing & linearization, particulate drawings, justification with evidence, safety & technique- 30 Qs.




