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AP Chemistry

AP Chemistry

Original price was: $99.00.Current price is: $49.00.

AP Chemistry blends atomic theory, math, and lab skills to explain why substances behave the way they do—from electron configurations and bond shapes to rates, energy, and equilibrium. You’ll reason from particle models, run quick calculations (stoichiometry, pH, K, ΔG = ΔH − TΔS), and justify claims with data, graphs, and particulate diagrams.

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Description

Units

  • Atomic Structure & Periodicity: electrons, quantum numbers, photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), periodic trends (Z_eff, IE, EN, radius), isotopes, mass spectrometry – 30 Qs.
  • Bonding & Structure: ionic vs. covalent vs. metallic, Lewis/VSEPR/resonance, hybridization, lattice energy, polarity, molecular geometry, intermolecular forces and bulk properties – 30 Qs.
  • Reactions & Stoichiometry: balancing equations, redox, precipitation/acid–base/combustion, limiting reactant, solution molarity and dilution, gases, net ionic equations- 30 Qs.
  • Kinetics: rate laws & units, method of initial rates, integrated rate laws (0/1st/2nd order), Arrhenius, mechanisms & rate-determining step, catalysis, energy profiles- 30 Qs.
  • Thermochemistry/Thermodynamics: q = mCΔT, calorimetry, ΔH_f°, Hess’s Law, entropy and spontaneity (ΔG = ΔH − TΔS), coupling, standard states- 30 Qs.
  • Equilibrium: K, Q, Le Châtelier, ICE/RISE tables, solubility (K_sp/common-ion), gas equilibria (K_p/K_c), linking ΔG° and K (ΔG° = −RT ln K)- 30 Qs.
  • Acids/Bases & Buffers: Arrhenius/Brønsted–Lowry, strong vs. weak, Ka/Kb, pH/pOH, Henderson–Hasselbalch, titration curves & indicators, polyprotic systems- 30 Qs.
  • Electrochemistry: oxidation numbers, galvanic vs. electrolytic cells, E°cell, Nernst equation, Faraday’s law, connection to ΔG and K- 30 Qs.
  • Lab & Data Skills: experimental design, error/percent yield, graphing & linearization, particulate drawings, justification with evidence, safety & technique- 30 Qs.

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